NEW

Qualic Metaphysics

Toward a philosophy of quality

The book is available in English, and in Spanish on Amazon

1. Introduction: beyond the misunderstanding of “quantum metaphysics”

In recent years the term “quantum metaphysics” has gained popularity in pseudo-spiritual, motivational and even therapeutic discourse. It is credited with meanings that, in many cases, lack philosophical or scientific rigour. Quantum mechanics, as a branch of physics, deals with the behaviour of subatomic particles: discrete, quantifiable and measurable systems within mathematical frameworks. To call the non-scientific interpretation of these phenomena “metaphysics” is to confuse epistemic orders: a mixture of the measurable (quantum) and the speculative (metaphysical) that results in a category fallacy.

Metaphysics, in its strictest philosophical sense, is concerned neither with particles nor with measurable energies, but with that which lies beyond the physical as such. Its object is not what is counted, but what is experienced qualitatively. Against the abuse of the term “quantum”, we propose a Qualic Metaphysics, that is, a philosophy of qualos—the deep qualities that are felt, perceived and experienced—as opposed to quantos, discrete and fragmentary units.

Qualic Metaphysics does not seek to merge with physics, nor does it claim to be an alternative science. Nor is it spiritualism or New Age thought. On the contrary, it is a recovery of philosophical rigour, an ontological inquiry into the qualities of being: their structures of appearing, their immanent logic and their ethical and aesthetic expression. To this end, we shall take as our foundation the theory of habence developed by the Mexican philosopher Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle, whose thought offers a solid basis for conceptualising forms of being beyond possessive ownership.

In addition, we shall bring into the analysis findings from endolinguistics, a discipline that explores the deep structures of language through their consonantal forms, and which will allow us to trace how qualos are articulated symbolically in linguistic systems. Qualic Metaphysics thus presents itself as a new way of thinking all that there is, without reducing it to measurement and without elevating it into mysticism, while recognising in the qualitative the very heart of being and of its appearing.

2. What is a qualo? The ontology of quality

In the philosophical tradition, metaphysics has oscillated between the study of the quantifiable and the study of the qualitative. Whereas physics deals with “quantos”, discrete and measurable units, Qualic Metaphysics proposes to focus its attention on “qualos”: the qualities inherent in experience and in being.

The notion of the “qualo” refers to the primary qualities that constitute the essence of beings. These qualities are not mere attributes added on; they are fundamental to the understanding of being. In this sense, qualos are the sensible and experiential manifestations that make possible the apprehension of the real, the imaginary and the fictitious—that is, of all that there is.

Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle’s theory of habence provides a suitable framework for understanding this perspective. According to Basave, habence is the “primary mode of entering into presentation within the context”; that is, it is the field in which being is manifested. Being, in turn, is the first epiphany of habence. This conception implies that knowledge of being leads to knowledge of habence, and vice versa.

From this perspective, qualos are the expressions of habence in human experience. They are the qualities that present themselves in the subject’s interaction with the world, and that make possible the understanding and apprehension of being. By focusing on qualos, Qualic Metaphysics seeks to explore these fundamental qualities and their role in the constitution of reality.

3. Philosophical foundation: the theory of habence of Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle

A brief account of habence as the mode of being that is had

The theory of habence, proposed by the Mexican philosopher Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle, introduces a radical ontological innovation with respect to the metaphysical tradition centred on the concept of “being”. According to Basave, before we set about studying the being of things, or “being” understood as a philosophical abstraction or as the substantial essence of something, there is a primordial structure, which he calls habence. Habence is neither essence nor mere existence, but the primary mode in which all things appear, or can appear, within the human and existential context. That is to say, everything that is, has been or might come to be, or else is unreal or fantastic, presents itself within a primordial “there is”, within habence. To glimpse habence, one must first understand cabence, that is, whether something fits or does not fit within a particular space. Then we must speak of the all-encompassing space that is habence, in which all that there is fits insofar as there is it. This mode of being is not reduced solely to the real entity; it embraces ideal, possible and even fictitious entities. Habence, therefore, is defined as the all-encompassing and dynamic totality of all that there is.

For Basave, habence is not a substance or an essence, but a fundamental structure of offertivity: it is the primordial form in which every entity and every possibility is presented. In it plural and unlimited presence is realised, and things acquire meaning within a context of constant interaction.

How habence opens an ontological space for qualos

From this perspective, habence offers an ideal philosophical platform for the development of Qualic Metaphysics. Since this metaphysics centres on “qualos”—the fundamental qualities of being and of the appearing—it is essential to have an ontological structure flexible and comprehensive enough to make room for these qualities. Habence fulfils this function by overcoming the traditional limitations of the categories of being, allowing quality to be not a mere accident or secondary attribute, but a primary mode in which realities present themselves and acquire meaning.

“Qualos” are precisely those qualities that need not be grounded in a rigidly defined essence or in a measurable objective existence, but that emerge from the deep and originary interaction of the subject with the world. Habence, as a structure of appearing, makes it possible for these qualities to manifest themselves as founding and constitutive elements of the real. They are not simple accidents attached to things, but direct manifestations of the way in which the real habentially shows itself and is perceived by human beings.

Qualic Metaphysics as a continuation and expansion of Basavian thought

Qualic Metaphysics thus presents itself as a logical and necessary continuation of the thought of the habential proposed by Basave. By placing the deep experience of quality at the centre, this metaphysics not only recovers the existential and phenomenological sense of the habent, but also widens and deepens the philosophical horizon opened by the theory of habence. In this new horizon, what matters is no longer solely whether something “exists”, but how it exists and how it manifests itself qualitatively in human experience.

Habence, with its capacity to integrate different ontological levels (real, ideal, possible), allows Qualic Metaphysics to undertake a rigorous yet flexible analysis of qualitative realities. Thus the philosophical study of qualos—of those deep qualities of being and of perceiving—becomes the central task of this new metaphysics, which unfolds within the broad and receptive framework of habence.

This philosophical bond ensures that Qualic Metaphysics is not mere abstract speculation, but a rigorous exploration, committed to the concrete and existential experience of the world, open to the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of the human being, and informed by linguistic, logical and cultural contributions.

The “there is” as the originary structure of the appearing

The theory of habence, proposed by Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle, introduces an ontological conception that transcends the traditional notion of “being”. Instead of centring on “being” as entity or substance, Basave proposes the concept of “habence”, which manifests itself through the “there is”. This “there is” does not merely indicate the existence of something at a specific moment or place; rather, it represents the fundamental structure through which everything that is, was or can be, and even what is not, presents itself in human experience.

Etymologically, the Spanish “hay” (“there is”) comes from the impersonal form of the verb “haber”, derived from Vulgar Latin hat (from Classical habet) and from the archaic adverb i (“there”), which comes from Latin ibi. When one says that there is something, one says that it is being there in existence and that something “impersonal” makes room for it. This combination reflects a notion of presence or existence in an unspecified place, which resonates with the idea of habence as the all-encompassing field in which everything appears.

Habence as an ontological opening for qualos

Within this framework, habence is understood as the primordial structure that allows the manifestation of “qualos”, that is, of the fundamental qualities of being and of the appearing. Qualos are not mere accidental attributes of things, but direct manifestations of how the real presents itself in human experience. Habence, being fundamental to being itself, provides the ontological space needed for these qualities to manifest themselves and acquire meaning.

Thus Qualic Metaphysics, by centring on the study of qualos, is grounded in habence as the ontological structure that makes possible the appearing and the understanding of qualities. This perspective allows a deeper exploration of reality, focusing not only on what is, but on how it manifests itself and is experienced in human existence.

4. The logic of qualos: beyond the principle of identity

What is a qualo, and what is it not?

In Qualic Metaphysics, a qualo is a primordial quality that does not function as an accidental attribute attached to a pre-existing substance or substrate. The qualo is not simply a secondary property that modifies an entity. On the contrary, the qualo is a founding reality, a primary form of appearing and presence that defines and articulates existence itself.

Beauty, for example, is not merely a property added to an object that already exists; from this perspective it is the very manifestation of a fundamental qualitative mode of the appearing, capable of giving meaning and ontological structure to the object in question. For this reason qualos cannot be adequately conceived under the classical logic of the principle of identity (A = A), since that logic presupposes discrete and quantifiable entities, which falls short of the intrinsically complex and ambivalent nature of qualities.

A qualitative logic: a paraconsistent and analogical proposal

To address the structure of qualos adequately, we propose a qualitative logic capable of accommodating the contradictions, ambivalence and gradualness inherent in qualities. This logic comes close to paraconsistent and analogical logical systems, which make it possible to handle contradictions without the whole system collapsing.

A paraconsistent logic accepts that certain qualities may coexist contradictorily in one and the same reality without cancelling each other out. The aesthetic quality of “the sublime”, for example, involves at once admiration and fear, attraction and repulsion. In this way a “sublime” object cannot be fully explained by the classical principle of identity, since the quality itself involves an internal dialectic.

An analogical logic, for its part, makes it possible to understand qualities not in absolute or categorical terms, but in terms of degrees and analogical relations. Analogy thus becomes a privileged instrument for understanding how qualos operate within a continuum of meanings that are related to, and differentiated from, one another by degrees of similarity and difference.

Aesthetic logic and ethical logic as founding principles

Qualitative logic is also grounded in two privileged domains in which qualos appear: aesthetics and ethics.

Both aesthetics and ethics are fundamental to a Qualic Metaphysics because they reveal the intrinsically qualitative and evaluative character of the world. Ethical decisions and aesthetic perceptions cannot be explained by a logic that ignores the gradation and ambivalence of qualities.

Thinking qualities as founding realities

A crucial aspect of this qualitative logic is to conceive of qualities not as properties of a substrate, but as founding realities. This implies understanding that:

The role of analogy, gradation and qualitative ambivalence

Finally, three key principles are of particular importance in qualic logic:

These principles make qualitative logic a far more suitable tool than the classical logic of the principle of identity for exploring the deep and existentially complex character of reality.

5. Ethics and aesthetics: the privileged territories of quality

Qualic Metaphysics finds in ethics and aesthetics two essential and privileged domains for the philosophical study of quality. Far from being mere practical applications or superficial aesthetics, both disciplines are genuine expressions of an ontology grounded in the very qualities of human experience. Although the applications of aesthetics and ethics give us useful tools for the development of thought, our approach to the study of ethics and aesthetics goes to the very depths. That is, we give priority to the ontological dimension of their study, not to their applications.

The ethical as a quality of the act, not only its lawfulness

In the qualic view, ethics is not limited to the formal fulfilment of moral principles, rules or abstract norms. From this perspective, ethics is conceived as a quality inherent in the act itself, a reality that is manifested in concrete action and in its human, affective and interpersonal context.

The ethical quality of an act lies in the depth, authenticity and intensity with which that act expresses certain fundamental human realities such as justice, generosity, respect or solidarity. An action is judged ethically not only by its conformity to the moral law, but above all by how a particular human quality, evaluatively and existentially significant, is manifested in it.

An action, for example, is not ethically valuable solely because it fulfils an abstract duty; it is so above all through the intensity with which it expresses the human quality involved, such as empathy or deep honesty. In other words, the ethical is essentially qualic, since it is directly bound up with the way in which certain qualities become present in action, shaping its deep and existential meaning.

The aesthetic as a quality of presence, not only of form

In an analogous way, aesthetics is not reduced to the study of visible and measurable forms or structures. From a qualic perspective, the aesthetic is defined as the quality of presence, that is, as the way in which things appear before the subject’s sensible perception, and not simply by how they are externally structured or composed.

The beautiful, the sublime, the grotesque or the harmonious are not mere external or formal attributes of the perceived object, but qualities inherent in the very way in which the object manifests itself in presence before the one who experiences it. Qualic aesthetics recovers the phenomenological depth of sensible perception, emphasising that what is essential in aesthetic experience is not the objective structure of the entity, but the qualitative intensity with which it presents itself to human sensibility.

A work of art, for example, is not valuable simply because of its formal composition (technique, colour, proportion), but above all because of the qualitative intensity it awakens in the viewer: emotions, reflections or deep sensations that emerge from the very presence of the work, and not exclusively from its form or technique.

Ethics and aesthetics as expressions of a qualic ontology

Taken together, ethics and aesthetics become genuine ontological territories of quality. Neither discipline is secondary to, or derived from, some other prior structure; both are fundamental modes in which reality itself acquires existential and evaluative meaning in human experience.

Qualic Metaphysics holds that qualities are neither accidental nor secondary, but originary and founding realities of existence. Ethics and aesthetics, being privileged domains for the manifestation of these qualities, reveal and realise this deep ontological structure. Thus qualic ethics and qualic aesthetics express, at the practical, emotional and experiential levels, the philosophical vision that regards qualities as the essential and constitutive nuclei of being and of the appearing.

This conception implies a radical change in the way these disciplines have traditionally been understood, putting forward an understanding that is richer, deeper and more committed to the existentially significant character of human experiences. Ethics and aesthetics thus cease to be mere applications or secondary derivations and become direct manifestations of a qualic ontology: an ontology that understands reality as fundamentally qualitative, complex and profoundly human.

6. Endolinguistic contributions: the codes of quality

Qualic Metaphysics, centred on the fundamental qualities of being and of the appearing, finds in endolinguistics an especially valuable ally for exploring the deep structures of meaning. By investigating the binary and ternary consonantal codes that underlie languages, endolinguistics gives access to shared meanings deeply rooted in the human mind. These codes, formed by consonant pairs or triads, constitute recurrent symbolic nuclei that articulate essential qualities across diverse linguistic systems.

Applying endolinguistic binary and ternary codes to the study of qualos

From the endolinguistic perspective, a binary code is a structure formed by two fundamental consonants that make up a basic semantic nucleus, while a ternary code adds a third consonant, enriching and extending the meaning of the original nucleus.

These consonantal codes do not merely structure words; they semantically organise entire fields of meaning. Applied to Qualic Metaphysics, these codes reveal how certain essential qualities are linguistically and cognitively encoded in universal or recurrent patterns.

Examples of common roots that reveal symbolic structures of quality

Let us consider some examples that illustrate how certain binary and ternary codes reveal deep symbolic qualitative structures:

These examples show how endolinguistic codes reflect essential qualities that shape our experience of the world, providing conceptual tools for investigating qualities philosophically from their deepest symbolic root.

The linguistic as a privileged access to the deep structure of the qualitative

From the qualic perspective, language is not simply a tool of communication. Rather, it is a structure that gives us direct access to the deep configuration of the world. Endolinguistic consonantal codes, by revealing universal or recurrent patterns across diverse linguistic systems, provide privileged access to qualos, understood as originary structures of being and of the appearing.

By studying these symbolic structures, we can approach the way in which qualitative reality is cognitively organised, revealing universal meanings that do not depend solely on historical or cultural context, but reflect fundamental modes of experiencing and conceiving human existence.

Endolinguistics therefore contributes to Qualic Metaphysics by offering a methodology for identifying the deep qualities symbolically encoded in language, thereby reinforcing the central idea of this metaphysics: that qualities are founding realities, not secondary attributes, and that they can be explored from their deep linguistic root.

7. A radical separation from the magical, the spiritual and the scientific

Nowadays it is common to find a marked confusion between different levels of understanding of what constitutes reality and of how we can approach it philosophically. Terms such as “metaphysics” are frequently confused with spiritual practices, magical beliefs or misinterpreted scientific claims. A clear instance of this is the contemporary phenomenon known as “quantum metaphysics”, which seeks to blend subatomic physics, spirituality and self-help into an undifferentiated and uncritical whole. I am not speaking of the well-intentioned people who work at thinking, but of the conceptual edifice.

A critique of the syncretism of metaphysics, theology and popular science

So-called “quantum metaphysics”, like other contemporary currents, reflects a problematic syncretism. Syncretism here means a confused mixture of elements belonging to different epistemological domains (that is, different ways of obtaining knowledge). For example:

When these domains—the philosophical, the scientific and the spiritual—are intermingled without the necessary conceptual rigour, the result is usually a category confusion: the frames of reference proper to each discipline are distorted, and this leads to errors of interpretation, to groundless mystical projections or to philosophical misunderstandings that cloud the clarity of thought.

Throughout the twentieth century, several thinkers honestly undertook the attempt to build what they called “spiritual sciences”. Some of these efforts were culturally valuable, inspiring and even the source of living, productive human communities. Many of them, however, ended up drifting towards esoteric or doctrinaire forms, losing the analytical rigour and critical capacity that genuine philosophical inquiry demands.

It is not a question here of judging human beings or of invalidating the existential value of these movements. We recognise their contribution within other frameworks. But it is important to stress that, in that transition, they ceased to be rigorous metaphysical studies and became something else: spiritual systems, symbolic paths or anthropological movements, all valid within their own contexts, but no longer belonging to the philosophical discipline in the strict sense.

In defence of a rigorous metaphysics with its own criteria

Qualic Metaphysics proposes precisely the opposite: an explicit and firm defence of metaphysics as a rigorous philosophical discipline, with clear criteria of its own and well-defined methods. Its object is the deep qualities that shape reality from a phenomenological, ethical, aesthetic and linguistic perspective, and it seeks neither to invade the field of experimental physics nor to take the place of the spiritual or religious realm.

The philosophy of the qualic presents itself as an alternative in the face of this confusion. It does not seek to be a new spirituality or religion, nor does it seek to legitimise itself by appealing wrongly to scientific theories such as quantum mechanics. On the contrary, it puts forward a rigorous, logical and phenomenological way of reaching a deeper understanding of being and of existential qualities.

The distinction between the symbolic-philosophical and the religious or esoteric

To understand this separation clearly, it is useful to set out some key differences:

Qualic Metaphysics does not reject the symbolic richness of language or the cultural importance of myth or religion, but it insists that their study must be rigorously philosophical and critical, avoiding facile spiritualisation and the uncritical appropriation of scientific concepts.

The importance of training in logic, mathematics and the arts

It is important to point out here a common problem in present-day philosophical study: many readers, and even academics devoted to philosophy, lack adequate training in disciplines such as formal logic, mathematics and the arts. This lack makes them more susceptible to falling into cultural polarisations, dogmatic interpretations or syncretisms devoid of critical rigour.

Qualic Metaphysics therefore also proposes a didactic and integrative vision. To overcome these limitations, a philosophical training is indispensable that includes:

A genuine philosophical education must integrate these three areas, enabling students and readers to approach critically the phenomenon of deep qualities (qualos) without falling into category confusions.

8. Conclusion: a metaphysics for a qualitative world

The philosophical proposal we have called qualic theory seeks to restore rigour and depth to the very concept of metaphysics, moving it away from category confusions and taking up again its originary function as a serious and rigorous philosophical inquiry into the qualitative reality of the human being and of the world. To this end, we start explicitly from the theory of habence developed by Agustín Basave Fernández del Valle, since it offers the appropriate ontological foundation from which to think qualities not as accidents of a given being, but as originary modes of appearing within the horizon of the there is. By focusing on fundamental qualities (qualos), Qualic Metaphysics offers new perspectives for understanding existence, ethical-aesthetic value and the deep symbolic structure of language.

The potential of Qualic Metaphysics in contemporary thought

This proposal has the potential to renew present-day philosophical reflection, providing novel conceptual and methodological tools:

Openings towards new ways of understanding being, value and experience

Qualic Metaphysics opens up various possibilities in contemporary philosophy, from both a theoretical and a practical point of view:

Critical path: future tasks for developing Qualic Metaphysics

To consolidate this philosophical theory in a robust and lasting way, we propose a critical narrative path, with clear and sequential tasks that will make it possible to deepen, expand and effectively communicate Qualic Metaphysics:

1. Conceptual deepening and systematisation

2. Logical-formal and methodological development

3. Advanced endolinguistic research

4. Interdisciplinary training and didactic outreach

5. Critical dialogue with other disciplines

6. Academic publication and dissemination

7. Critical evaluation and continuous improvement

Bibliography

Basave Fernández del Valle, Agustín. Teoría de la habencia: tratado de metafísica. México: Editorial Jus, 1982.

———. “Ideas directrices de una nueva metafísica: Teoría de la Habencia.” Verbo, núm. 213–214 (1983): 381–389. Fundación Speiro. https://www.fundacionspeiro.org/verbo/1983/V-213-214-P-381-389.pdf

Toledo Martínez, Alejandro. Metafísica cuálica: hacia una filosofía de la cualidad. Documento inédito. ELADEM, 2025.

Steiner, Rudolf. La ciencia oculta: Un esbozo. Barcelona: Editorial Rudolf Steiner, 1982.

Frege, Gottlob. Begriffsschrift und andere Aufsätze. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1964.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1990.

Laplanche, Jean, y Jean-Baptiste Pontalis. Diccionario de psicoanálisis. Traducción de Horacio Pons. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu Editores, 2004.

Heidegger, Martin. Ser y tiempo. Traducción de Jorge Eduardo Rivera. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, 1997.

Bachelard, Gaston. La intuición del instante. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 2001.

Priest, Graham. In Contradiction: A Study of the Transconsistent. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.

Eco, Umberto. La estructura ausente: Introducción a la semiótica. Barcelona: Lumen, 1978.

Jakobson, Roman. Lingüística y poética. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.

Chaitin, Gregory. Meta Math!: The Quest for Omega. Nueva York: Pantheon Books, 2005.

Peirce, Charles Sanders. The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Editado por Charles Hartshorne y Paul Weiss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1931–1958.

Qualic Metaphysics — the book

English edition at Independent Books; the Spanish edition in print and Kindle on Amazon

Contact